X-ray emission bands of group IV and V transition metals, representing the distribution of the d valence states, were determined at very long wavelengths. The structure of the d-like bands of metals belonging to one group was very similar for monotypic compounds, and it was a function of the electron concentration. The electron structures of niobium carbide and nitride were investigated in detail. The groups of electron states participating in various spatial bonds were identified. Measurements of the relative integrated intensities of the N//2//,//3 and M//4//,//5 bands of zirconium and niobium in compounds indicated the transfer of some of the d electrons of these metals to the spheres of the lighter component.