Organic matter facies and equilibrium sorption of phenanthrene

Remediation of groundwater contamination in unconsolidated aquifers by dissolved hydrophobic compounds (HOC) requires detailed information on the sorption parameters present in the sediments. Equilibrium sorption isotherms were measured for phenanthrene for a wide variety of lithocomponents (constituents of sand and gravel sediments) and unweathered rock fragments (limestones and sandstones). The lithocomponents were separated based on macroscopic appearance of different lithologies (e.g. limestones, sandstones, shales, mudstones, and igneous rocks) and characterized in terms of organic carbon content and specific surface area. In addition the organic matter (OM) was characterized using coal petrography methods (white and UV light microscopy). As confirmed by heat-treated samples sorption was solely due to OM. Organic carbon normalized sorption coefficients (KOC) varied by almost 3 orders of magnitude among the samples investigated. The different origin and maturity of isolated organic matter (organic facies) is believed to be responsible. For example, extremely high KOC values were found for particulate organic matter such as charcoal and coal particles which were preserved within the sandstone and limestone grains. In a second paper we report data on sorption kinetics of the samples used in this study (1).