The chemical properties of decomposition of alkaline phases in a structure of nepheline slime of ensuring extract of alkalis in solution are adduced. It is experimentally established effect of a number of technology factors on parameters of washing out of alkali at a chemical treatment of nepheline slime by carbon dioxide and lime milk. The ion-exchange nature, on the basis of this process, of interaction of nepheline slime with calcium hydrate and possibility to control of quality of slime is discussed.