ENHANCING THE PERFORMANCE OF LARGE DIAMETER PILES BY GROUTING.

Grouting techniques have been employed confidently throughout the world, as a routine construction process. By exploiting the higher values of skin friction and end-bearing resulting, engineers have been able to reduce pile dimensions safely. This review is a synthesis of data published primarily in the last decade on pile grouting. Case histories are presented in three basic categories: enhancement by devices placed within the pile (i. e. attached to the reinforcement prior to installation); enhancement by toe/ground grouting (i. e. after concreting); and enhancement by ground consolidation (either before or after construction).