Three-in-one erlotinib-modified NIR photosensitizer for fluorescence imaging and synergistic chemo-photodynamic therapy

Photodynamic therapy(PDT) presents a promising avenue in cancer treatment. Erlotinib, an FDAapproved anticancer drug targeting epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR), has shown effectiveness in normalizing tumor vasculature across various tumors, thereby promoting tumor oxygenation and facilitating PDT. In this work, erlotinib was conjugated with a near-infrared(NIR) photosensitizer,benzo[a]phenoselenazinium, yielding three EGFR-targeted PDT agents(NBSe-n C-Er). These newly synthesized photosensitizers demonstrate specificity in binding to EGFR, thereby enhancing their accumulation in cancer cells and tumors, and consequently improving the efficiency of both PDT and chemotherapy.Additionally, the NIR fluorescence emitted by the photosensitizer allows for imaging-guided therapy, offering a non-invasive means of monitoring treatment progress. The distinctive properties of the three-inone photosensitizer render it an ideal candidate for precise tumor treatment, overcoming the limitations of conventional therapies.