The amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise, equivalent Signal Noise Ratio (SNR) of optical receivers spontaneous emission factor, equivalent noise factor of the Raman amplifier (RA) and the influences of the ASE noise, Rayleigh noise, optical fiber length and switching gain of RA on are analyzed, and then the double Rayleigh backscattering noises (DRB) are theoretically calculated, furthermore, some simulations of the related numerical value are implemented. The calculation and simulation results show that: RA, compared with Er-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA), can improve the SNR of optical receivers under the condition of the same signal input; the equivalent spontaneous emission factor is less than 1 and it will decrease with the increase of the switching gain, so this characteristics of RA are better than that of EDFA; the condition under which the Rayleigh noise of RA can be ignored is that the gain of RA is less than 15dB; in addition, some significant conclusions that play an important role in guiding the optimum design of RA are also obtained.