A Comprehensive Investigation Using Laser Ablation Method for Analyzing Nanocomposite Anticancer Properties

In this study a novel, convenient and cost-effective chemical co-precipitation method was implemented to create ZnO/Ag by ZnO/Ag nanoparticles, through use of the laser ablation method. Additionally, ZnOext/Ag was created by the Green synthesis of ZnO /Ag nanoparticles with the extraction of mint leaf. This involves reacting the aqueous extract of mint leaves. Characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction, UV-visible, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and spectroscopy of energy-dispersive X-rays (EDX) were used to analyze the properties and structure of these nanostructures. The anti-tumor activity of (ZnO/Ag), and (ZnOext/Ag) nano particles was assessed by Saos-2 Osteosarcoma cell lines and cytotoxicity was measured using MTT assay. Two-fold increases (20-320 mu g/ml) of (ZnO/Ag) and (ZnOext/Ag) NPs induced dose dependent cell death of (32%, 54%, 64%, 85%, and 96%) and (10%, 35%, 54%, 76%, and 87%) respectively compared to the non-treated control. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of ZnO/Ag NPs at 24 h was 38.58 mu g/ml. A relatively low IC50 value was observed at 48 h, at a value of 29.61 mu g/ml. The hazardous potential of nanoparticles (NPs) is contingent upon their size and morphology, which influence their ability to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) (Akter et al. Journal of Advanced Research, 9, 1-16) [1]. The overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) may lead to many pathophysiological effects, such as genotoxicity, apoptosis, necrosis, inflammation, fibrosis, metaplasia, hypertrophy, and carcinogenesis. The toxicity of nanoparticles has been demonstrated to elevate the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and activate inflammatory cells, including macrophages, thereby further augmenting the production of reactive oxygen species. The heightened production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) after nanoparticle (NPs) administration has been demonstrated to alter cellular functions, occasionally with lethal outcomes (AshaRani et al. Genome Integrity, 3, 1-14) [2]. Therefore, a toxicity test was performed on nanoparticles in blood cells the test results demonstrated the nanoparticle was non-toxic. This information could have implications for the development of nanoparticle-based therapies for osteosarcoma or other cancer types. Further research may be needed to explore the underlying mechanisms of the observed anti-tumor effects and to assess the nanoparticles' safety and efficacy in vivo.