Al3+-substituted magnesium ferrites (MgAlXFe2-xO4) for advanced hydroelectric cells and pseudocapacitors: Insights into the structural , morphological, and electrical studies

Electrochemical energy conversion and storage systems are currently at the forefront of the global energy landscape. Here, we have exhibited the generation of current by fabricating the hydroelectric cells (HEC) of Al3+ substituted magnesium ferrites with the general chemical composition [MgAlxFe2-xO4, x = 0.00, 0.10, and 0.20]. The structural confirmation has achieved using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. The Rietveld refinement was done to verify the cubic shape structured unit cell along with the analysis of cationic distribution. The adsorption of water molecules on the surface of ferrite has been verified using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron (XPS), and Photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL). The V-I response revealed the maximum value of current (Isc) is 16.03 mA generated in AMG10 and a voltage of 0.99 V. The maximum current density of 15.695 mA/cm2 is demonstrated by the HEC (x = 0.10) which suggested its utility for pseudo-capacitive device application.