Recent advances in space-confined synthesis of perovskite single-crystal thin films

Perovskite materials are promising in the field of optoelectronics primarily because of their high crystal quality and tunable properties. Confined growth has emerged as an effective approach to fabricate perovskite single crystal thin films (PSCTFs) with favorable properties. However, current reports on confined growth methods predominantly focus on solution-based synthesis and lack a comprehensive understanding of how various growth conditions influence the final properties of PSCTFs despite this knowledge being crucial for synthesizing large high-quality PSCTFs. In this review, we provide an overview of the mechanisms involved in the confined synthesis of PSCTFs, summarize the application of confined growth strategies in solution-based methods and other approaches, and then discuss the fabrication of devices using films produced by these techniques. Finally, we highlight the remaining challenges and future opportunities in this rapidly advancing field.