Review of electro-spun carbon nanofiber electrode materials for electrochemical capacitors

Amidst the rapid pace of economic expansion, the pursuit of sustainable energy solutions has become increasingly critical. Supercapacitors, well known for their exceptional cycling stability and power density, are held back by their limitations in specific capacitance and energy density, which hinder their full potential in energy storage applications. In this context, carbon nanofibers (CNFs) have emerged as promising candidates for supercapacitor electrodes owing to their remarkable flexibility, significant specific surface area, and innate affinity for a variety of active materials. This comprehensive review delves into the strategies designed to enhance the electrochemical performance of CNF-based supercapacitors, with a particular emphasis on structural optimization, non-metal doping, and the integration of transition metal oxides. Each strategy is meticulously explored through selective, detailed discussions that highlight the subtleties of boosting capacitance, stability, and energy density. We offer an in-depth elucidation of the mechanisms that govern the effectiveness of these approaches, providing a wealth of knowledge for both novice and experienced researchers. This review is an academic endeavor, providing guidance for those traversing the complex terrain of supercapacitor research. It is intended to be a beacon for innovative thoughts and a catalyst for experimental design as we collectively strive towards the development of advanced energy storage solutions.