Metal-organic framework-based materials for solar-driven interfacial evaporation

As a sustainable and green approach, solar-driven interfacial water evaporation (SIE) can recover clean water from diverse water resources such as seawater and wastewater by converting solar energy into heat energy, paving the way to addressing the increasingly severe water shortage. In recent years, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been applied for constructing the evaporator for SIE, considering their merits such as large specific surface area, tunable component and structure, and high porosity. More importantly, MOFs materials have expanded their application in the synthesis of porous carbon, metal oxides/sulfides/carbides, and MOFs composites, which not only may preserve the merits of MOFs but also possess other functions. In this review, the latest developments regarding the solar evaporators designed by MOFs-based materials (including MOFs, MOFsderivatives, and MOFs composites) is summarized and systematically discussed. The roles of MOFs-based materials in evaporation systems and the emerging applications of the evaporation systems are also highlighted. Ultimately, the challenges and perspectives of the MOFs-based materials used for designing of SIE systems are also presented.