Synergistic flame-retardant effect of halloysite nanotubes on intumescent flame retardant in LDPE

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[1] Zhao, Jing
[2] Deng, Cheng-Liang
[3] Du, Shuang-Lan
[4] Chen, Li
[5] Deng, Cong
[6] Wang, Yu-Zhong
来源：
Deng, C. (dengcong@scu.edu.cn) | 1600年 / John Wiley and Sons Inc, Postfach 10 11 61, 69451 Weinheim, Boschstrabe 12, 69469 Weinheim, Deutschland, 69469, Germany卷 / 131期
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Synergistic flame-retardant effect of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) on an intumescent flame retardant (IFR) in low-density polyethylene (LDPE) was investigated by limited oxygen index (LOI); vertical burning test (UL-94); thermogravimetric analysis (TGA); cone calorimeter (CC) test; and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). The results of LOI and UL-94 tests indicated that the addition of HNTs could dramatically increase the LOI value of LDPE/IFR in the case that the mass ratio of HNTs to IFR was 2/28 at 30 wt % of total flame retardant. Moreover; in this case the prepared samples could pass the V-0 rating in UL-94 tests. CC tests results showed that; for LDPE/IFR; both the heat release rate and the total heat release significantly decreased because of the incorporation of 2 wt % of HNTs. SEM observations directly approved that HNTs could promote the formation of more continuous and compact intumescent char layer in LDPE/IFR. TGA results demonstrated that the residue of LDPE/IFR containing 2 wt % of HNTs was obviously more than that of LDPE/IFR at the same total flame retardant of 30 wt % at 700°C under an air atmosphere; and its maximum decomposing rate was also lower than that of LDPE/IFR; suggesting that HNTs facilitated the charring of LDPE/IFR and its thermal stability at high temperature in this case. Both TGA and SEM results interpreted the mechanism on the synergistic effect of HNTs on IFR in LDPE; which is that the migration of HNTs to the surface during the combustion process led to the formation of a more compact barrier; resulting in the promotion of flame retardancy of LDPE/IFR. In addition; the mechanical properties of LDPE/IFR/HNTs systems were studied; the results showed that the addition of 0.5-2 wt % of HNTs could increase the tensile strength and the elongation at break of LDPE/IFR simultaneously. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals; Inc;
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