AI empowered 6G technologies and network layers: Recent trends, opportunities, and challenges

The exponential surge in demand for wireless connectivity has propelled the widespread deployment of 5G communication networks, catalyzing a transformative paradigm shift in user communication modes. However, to meet the evolving requirements for future applications, the next-generation network, known as 6G, is being envisioned. Building upon the advancements of its predecessor, 6G aims to transcend the limitations of 5G networks and introduce novel features and capabilities. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the potential research directions where artificial intelligence (AI) can substantially contribute to advancing 6G technologies. We specifically focus on the use of AI in emerging technologies such as terrestrial non-terrestrial network integration, mm Wave-THz band utilization, massive MIMO, D2D communication, network slicing and so on. Furthermore, our study investigates the integration of AI techniques across different network layers, including the physical, data link, and network layers. We explore the evolving trends in 6G development, highlighting the pivotal role of AI in shaping the future landscape of wireless communications. In addition, we address potential challenges and drawbacks such as technical, ethical and regulatory challenges associated with integrating AI mechanisms into 6G technologies. Our work aims to provide a comprehensive resource for researchers and industry professionals, offering profound insights into the vast potential and intricacies of AI-driven 6G networks. By emphasizing the pressing need for further exploration and innovation, we contribute to the ongoing discourse and development within this promising research domain.