A human reliability analysis method based on STPA-IDAC and BN-SLIM for driver take-over in Level 3 automated driving

Human factors play an important role in the take-over process of Level 3 (L3) automated driving. This paper combines Systems Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) and Information, Decision and Action in Crew context (IDAC) for qualitative analysis and Bayesian Network (BN) and Success Likelihood Index Method (SLIM) for quantitative calculation to obtain the main performance shaping factors (PSFs) and evaluation indicators that cause human errors. Firstly, the STPA-IDAC method is used to analyze unsafe control actions (UCAs) for takeover process and form the mapping relationship of UCAs-IDA-PSFs. Secondly, the BN of human reliability analysis for take-over process is constructed based on the BN-SLIM method. Uncertainty in rates of PSFs and evaluation indicators is addressed in a probabilistic manner using expert opinions and empirical data. After diagnostic reasoning of BN, mean variation is used to identify the main PSFs and evaluation indicators. This method can effectively identify the main PSFs and evaluation indicators that cause human errors, facilitate risk assessment and management, and reduce the human error probability (HEP).