Advanced laser-induced graphene-based electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of C-reactive protein

C-reactive protein (CRP) is a critical biomarker for detecting inflammation and forecasting cardiovascular disease. We present an advanced electrochemical immunosensor utilizing laser-induced graphene (LIG)/MXenegold nanoparticles (Mx-AuNPs) electrode for CRP detection. The Mx-AuNPs nanocomposite, synthesized via in- situ reduction of HAuCl4 by MXene, leverages MXene's reducing properties for effective nanoparticle deposition, confirmed through scanning electron microscopy. This electrode demonstrates superior electrochemical performance due to enhanced surface area and synergy between LIG and Mx-AuNPs, improving overall electrode conductivity. The A-CRP antibody, immobilized via a cysteamine linker, enables CRP detection. The immunosensor achieves excellent detection across 10 pg mL- 1 to 10 mu g mL- 1 CRP, with a low detection limit of 1.45 pg mL-1, and shows high selectivity for CRP. This LIG/Mx-AuNPs-based immunosensor is promising for sensitive CRP detection, aiding early cardiovascular disease diagnosis and improving patient outcomes.