Sustainable double-synergistic silver-hydroxyapatite composite catalyst derived from fish bones for efficient disinfection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a food-borne pathogen that poses a serious threat to seafood safety and human health. An efficient, nontoxic, and sustainable disinfection material with a stable structure is urgently needed. Herein, silver (Ag)-hydroxyapatite (HAP) composite catalysts were prepared using HAP derived from waste fish bones. The Ag2.50%-HAP 2.50%-HAP showed a 100% disinfection rate against V. parahaemolyticus, , disinfecting nearly 7.0 lg CFU mL- 1 within 15 min at a low concentration of 300 mu g mL-1.- 1 . This efficient disinfection activity could be attributed to the double-synergistic effect of Ag and superoxide radicals, which resulted in the destruction of bacterial cell structures and the leakage of intracellular proteins. Importantly, the composite also exhibited high activity in controlling the growth of pathogens during the storage process of Penaeus vannamei. . These findings provided sustainable composite catalysts for disinfecting V. parahaemolyticus in seafood and a high-value utilization strategy for waste fish bones.