With the increasing global attention to sustainable development, this study aims to optimize the interior design of green buildings through virtual reality technology, with a particular focus on thermal modeling analysis of air conditioning systems. The study elucidates the importance of green buildings and their role in environmental protection, highlighting the importance of optimizing indoor environmental control to improve energy efficiency. Firstly, thermal modeling analysis is conducted on the indoor air conditioning system, followed by design optimization based on virtual reality technology. We investigated the characteristic parameters of airconditioned rooms in thermal modeling analysis, established indoor and outdoor temperature models, and used temperature control transfer learning models to simulate temperature changes. The indoor temperature and air volume were tested, and the results showed that the energy consumption of traditional air conditioning systems was higher than expected, indicating a huge room for optimization. In terms of virtual system design and optimization, a comprehensive process framework has been developed, detailing the modeling process of virtual reality technology and the coordinate system for virtual image modeling. Through server communication testing, the real-time and accurate data exchange has been ensured, providing technical support for subsequent optimization.