Exposure the role of hydrogen with algae spirogyra biodiesel and fuel-borne additive on a diesel engine: An experimental assessment on dual fuel combustion mode

This investigation is focused on the study of the overall performance of a single-cylinder diesel engine with the use of 99.99 % pure elemental hydrogen (H2), as a gaseous fuel and algae Spirogyra biodiesel 30 % (SBD30) with 1.5 % Di-tert Butyl Peroxide (1.5%DTBP) as cetane improver and 2 % Algae Residual Carbon Nanoparticle (2%ARCNP). During the investigation, the hydrogen flow rate was controlled by an electronic gas injector and varied in the range of 5-20 lpm in the increment of 5 lpm. Among the fuel blends SBD30 + 1.5%DTBP+2%ARCNP+15H2 acted as a good combination to reduce ID and CD; and to boost HRR, BTE, and EGT. Additionally, this resulted in a drastic decline in the emission components such as HC, CO, and smoke. However, a surge in NO was observed for all the fuel sampled by the induction of H2. For SBD30 + 1.5%DTBP+2%ARCNP+15H2 a shorter ID and CD were observed at 7.2 degrees CA and 34.5 degrees CA than diesel respectively at full load. The MCP for SBD30 + 1.5%DTBP+2%ARCNP+15H2 was 81 bar which occurred at 9.2 degrees CA, however, the HRR was 61.3 J/degrees CA which was 1.2 % lower than that of 20 LPM hydrogen flow rate, at full load respectively. By using hydrogen + DTBP + ARCNP, the BSFC was overall lower by about 22 % and the BTE was improved by about 36.1 %. The CO, HC, and smoke for SBD30 + 1.5%DTBP+2%ARCNP+15H2 was 64.8 %, 38.8 %, and 29.2 % lower than diesel however, the NO emission was 32.6 % higher than diesel at full load respectively.