Automatic feedback in online learning environments: A systematic literature review

被引:0
作者
Cavalcanti A.P. [1 ]
Barbosa A. [2 ]
Carvalho R. [2 ]
Freitas F. [1 ]
Tsai Y.-S. [3 ]
Gašević D. [3 ,4 ,5 ]
Mello R.F. [2 ]
机构
[1] Centro de Informática, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife
[2] Departamento de Computação, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife
[3] Centre for Learning Analytics, Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University
[4] School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh
[5] Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University
来源
Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence | 2021年 / 2卷
关键词
Automatic feedback; Educational feedback; Online learning environments; Systematic review;
D O I
10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100027
中图分类号
学科分类号
摘要
Feedback is an essential component of scaffolding for learning. Feedback provides insights into the assistance of learners in terms of achieving learning goals and improving self-regulated skills. In online courses, feedback becomes even more critical since instructors and students are separated geographically and physically. In this context, feedback allows the instructor to customize learning content according to the students' needs. However, giving feedback is a challenging task for instructors, especially in contexts of large cohorts. As a result, several automatic feedback systems have been proposed to reduce the workload on the part of the instructor. Although these systems have started gaining research attention, there have been limited studies that systematically analyze the progress achieved so far as reported in the literature. Thus, this article presents a systematic literature review on automatic feedback generation in learning management systems. The main findings of this review are: (1) 65.07% of the studies demonstrate that automatic feedback increases student performance in activities; (2) 46.03% of the studies demonstrated that there is no evidence that automatic feedback eases instructors’ workload; (3) 82.53% of the studies showed that there is no evidence that manual feedback is more efficient than automatic feedback; and (4) the main method used for automatic feedback provision is the comparison with a desired answer in some subject (such as logic circuits or programming). © 2021 The Authors
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