A comprehensive review of pinch flow fractionation in microfluidics: From principles to practical applications

Pinch flow fractionation (PFF) is a microfluidic-based passive technique for particle separation that has numerous scientific applications. The efficiency of this technique is dependent on the device's two pinch and broad sections, allowing for the separation of particles based on size. This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of the PFF approach from 2004 to 2024, highlighting its improved techniques and wide range of applications. This analysis is fueled by the consolidation and analysis of various methods and improvements in PFF technology. This article aims to tackle the issue of insufficient evaluations in this field by conducting a meticulous assessment of the existing literature. The article also aims to explore the potential for future expansion and applications of this subject in various scientific fields. There has been a noticeable increase in the number of studies examining PFF over time. However, none of them have comprehensively reviewed all possible ways to enhance or utilize PFF. The current study offers a comprehensive examination of PFF enhancement methods, their practical applications, and the potential for future developments. It is widely utilized in an increasing range of scientific applications that involve particle separation.