Gopal S. Upadhyaya shared his views on the history of the world's major PM associations, with more than 50 years of experience in powder metallurgy (PM) education and research, together with extensive participation in international conferences. The International Institute for the Science of Sintering (IISS) is an exclusive international organization for sintering, whose headquarters is the Serbian Academy of Science and Arts, Belgrade. The academy is the patron of IISS since November 1973. IISS was founded in 1968, initially as the International Team for Studying Sintering (ITS), with only 16 scientists from 10 countries. The Metal Powder Association was founded in 1944 in New York City, which was run by Lead Industries Association. This was a federation of trade associations.