Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in groundwater and surface water in the Turin metropolitan area (Italy): An attempt to unravel potential point sources and compliance with environmental/drinking water quality standards

被引：0
作者：
Randazzo, A. [1 ,2 ]
Pavan, F. [2 ]
Gea, M. [2 ]
Maffiotti, A. [2 ]
机构：
[1] Istituto Nazionale Di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Roma 1, Via di Vigna Murata 605, Roma
[2] Agenzia Regionale per la Protezione dell'Ambiente del Piemonte (ARPA Piemonte), Dipartimento Territoriale di Torino (Piemonte Nord Ovest), Via Pio VII 9, Torino
来源：
Science of the Total Environment | 2025年 / 958卷
关键词：
Groundwater; PFASs; Piedmont; Pollution; Surface water;
D O I：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177973
中图分类号：
学科分类号：
摘要：
The study investigated the contribution of five potential point source categories on the occurrence of 19 highly hazardous perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in freshwater from the Turin metropolitan area (Italy) and assessed the quality of groundwater and surface water in compliance with European and Italian guidelines. PFASs were revealed in 29 and 24 % of the investigated shallow (unconfined aquifers) and deep (semi- and confined aquifers) wells with a total concentration, as a sum (ΣPFASs), of 0.01–0.71 and 0.01–0.16 μg/L, respectively. The PFAS occurrence in shallow groundwaters appeared more related to (potentially-) contaminated and reclaimed areas, landfills and waste management plants rather than plants subjected to integrated environmental authorisations and wastewater treatment plants. Overall, PFAS occurrences increased with the degree of industrialisation and urbanisation in both unconfined and (semi-) confined aquifers. PFASs were found in 96 % of the sampling sites in streams with ΣPFASs values of 0.0002–0.47 μg/L, whilst they do not occur in the investigated lake. A slight correlation was found between wastewater treatment plants and the occurrence of PFASs in streams. The annual ΣPFASs loads downstream of the Turin metropolitan Area were estimated around 150–220 kg. Exceedances of the environmental and drinking water quality standards of Italy and Europe were frequently revealed. © 2024 The Authors
引用
收藏
相关论文
共 114 条
[21]  
Citta Metropolitana di Torino, Piano Strategico Metropolitano Torino 2021-2023 - Territori, Società ed Economie della Città Metropolitana in una prospettiva globale, (2024)
[22]  
Cookson E.S., Detwiler R.L., Global patterns and temporal trends of perfluoroalkyl substances in municipal wastewater: a meta-analysis, Water Res., 221, (2022)
[23]  
De Luca D.A., Ossella L., Assetto idrogeologico della Città di Torino e del suo hinterland, Geologia dell'Ambiente, 1, pp. 10-15, (2014)
[24]  
De Silva A.O., Armitage J.M., Bruton T.A., Dassuncao C., Heiger-Bernays W., Hu X.C., Karrman A., Kelly B., Ng C., Robuck A., Sun M., Webster T.F., Sunderland E.M., PFAS exposure pathways for humans and wildlife: a synthesis of current knowledge and key gaps in understanding, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 40, pp. 631-657, (2021)
[25]  
Decreto Legislativo 13 ottobre, n.172. [in Italian] Attuazione della direttiva 2013/39/UE, che modifica le direttive 2000/60/CE per quanto riguarda le sostanze prioritarie nel settore della politica delle acque, (2015)
[26]  
Decreto Ministero Dell''Ambiente e Della Tutela Del Territorio e Del Mare 6 Luglio, [in Italian] Recepimento della direttiva 2014/80/UE della Commissione del 20 giugno 2014 che modifica l'allegato II della direttiva 2006/118/CE del Parlamento europeo e del Consiglio sulla protezione delle acque sotterranee dall'inquinamento e dal deterioramento, (2016)
[27]  
Desgens-Martin V., Li W., Medina T., Keller A.A., Estimated influent PFAS loads to wastewater treatment plants and ambient concentrations in downstream waterbodies: case study in southern and Central California, ACS ES T Water, 3, pp. 2219-2228, (2023)
[28]  
Dettori M., Arghittu A., Deiana G., Castiglia P., Azara A., The revised European directive 2020/2184 on the quality of water intended for human consumption. A step forward in risk assessment, consumer safety and informative communication, Environ. Res., 209, (2022)
[29]  
Ding G., Peijnenburg W.J.G.M., Physicochemical properties and aquatic toxicity of poly- and perfluorinated compounds, Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol., 43, pp. 598-678, (2013)
[30]  
Ding X., Song X., Xu M., Yao J., Xu C., Tang Z., Zhang Z., Co-occurrence and correlations of PFASs and chlorinated volatile organic compounds (cVOCs) in subsurface in a fluorochemical industrial park: laboratory and field investigations, Sci. Total Environ., 814, (2022)
12345678910