Process intensification of biodiesel production by optimization using box-behnken design: A review

Biodiesel is one of the renewable energy sources that is widely sought as an alternative to the limitations of fossil energy. Efforts to explore biodiesel production have been considered from various factors including the search for inedible and abundant natural materials, the use of high-performance catalysts, the use of low-cost materials as catalyst materials, and various intensification methods. In terms of production intensification, in addition to the use of multiple methods such as microwaves and ultrasonics, optimization using a statistical approach is one of the strategies used. Optimization aims to model production performance as a function of various significant reaction variables including the ratio of alcohol to oil, reaction temperature, reaction time, catalyst percentage, and other specific variables. In this review, the use of statistical optimization using Box-Behnken Design (BBD) as part of the Response Surface Methodology is studied. The review explains the principles of BBD and compares them to other statistical optimization methods. The important thing highlighted in this review is the critical analysis of several studies that provide data ambiguity. The review provides methodological recommendations for future development.