Assessing indoor air quality and health risks of air conditioner usage in residential buildings under hot and arid climatic conditions: insights from field studies and questionnaire analysis

The prevalence of air conditioners (ACs) in regions with hot and arid climates raises significant health concerns for users. This study investigates the impact of AC usage on health and indoor air quality in Kenadsa, Bechar, located in southwest Algeria. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 300 residents to identify symptoms associated with AC use. Additionally, dust accumulation in filters was measured in 20 households with varying occupancy types to assess the relationship between particle generation and room usage. Temperature and relative humidity were also recorded in two rooms, one equipped with an evaporative cooler and the other with a split-type AC, to compare their thermal performance. The findings reveal that occupant behavior and building usage significantly contribute to particle generation, with AC operating speed notably impacting filter contamination. Evaporative coolers increase temperature and humidity levels compared to split-type ACs, with their effectiveness depending on proper ventilation. Most respondents begin using ACs in May, prefer operating them during midday and nighttime, and express concerns about thermal shock and AC lifespan. Furthermore, many participants are lax in dust removal, potentially worsening indoor air pollution. A significant portion of respondents report various health issues linked to prolonged exposure to conditioned air but show limited awareness of AC filter maintenance and its health implications. This study highlights the complex interplay between human behavior, AC usage patterns, and indoor air quality, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions to promote responsible AC use, improve filter maintenance practices, and mitigate associated health risks in hot and dry climates.