Unveil the toxicity induced on early life stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposed to 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and its enantiomers

被引：0

作者：

Ribeiro, Ondina ^{[1
,2
,3
,4
]}

Félix, Luís ^{[1
,4
]}

Ribeiro, Cláudia ^{[2
,5
]}

Torres-Ruiz, Monica ^{[6
]}

Tiritan, Maria Elizabeth ^{[2
,5
,7
,8
]}

Gonçalves, Virgínia M.F. ^{[2
,5
]}

Langa, Ivan ^{[2
,5
]}

Carrola, João Soares ^{[1
,4
]}

机构：

[1] Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, Vila Real,5000-801, Portugal

[2] UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Translational Toxicology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), Gandra,4585-116, Portugal

[3] Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, Coimbra,3000-456, Portugal

[4] Inov4Agro, Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production, Vila Real,5000-801, Portugal

[5] Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences - CESPU, Gandra,4585-116, Portugal

[6] Toxicology Department, National Centre for Environmental Health (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, Spain

[7] Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal

[8] Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal

来源：

Science of the Total Environment | 2024年 / 955卷

关键词：

The increased detection of the recreational drug 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in aquatic ecosystems, has raised concern worldwide about its possible negative impacts on wildlife. MDMA is produced as racemate but its enantioselective effects on non-target organisms are poorly understood. Therefore, this study aimed to provide a comprehensive study of the toxicity of MDMA and its enantiomers in the early life stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Zebrafish embryos (≈3 h post fertilization) were exposed to different concentrations (0.02, 0.2, 2, 20, and 200 μg/L) of (R,S)-MDMA and both pure enantiomers. Both enantiomers induced effects on embryonic development, DNA integrity, and behaviour and enantioselective effects were noted. (S)-MDMA exhibits higher toxic effects on embryonic development level with increased mortality and severity of teratogenic effects, and behavioural abnormalities in acoustic startle-habituation response. (R)-MDMA affected general activity and avoidance behaviour, showing greater inhibitory effects on behavioural activity. Additionally, (R,S)-MDMA induced higher genotoxic effects than the two isolated enantiomers. These results are of concern at populational levels since effects on mortality, development, and behaviour were observed even at environmentally relevant concentrations, which can cause a reduction of larval viability and in the number of individuals in each generation, and an increase in the risk of predation of the organisms. Yet, the bioaccumulation studies showed that MDMA is not accumulated in zebrafish. Therefore, this work demonstrated for the first time the occurrence of MDMA enantiotoxicity in the early life stages of zebrafish, which should be considered in further environmental risk assessments involving fish species or other non-target aquatic organisms. © 2024;

D O I：

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176906

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引用

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