Recent Progress in Biomedical Scaffold Fabricated via Electrospinning: Design, Fabrication and Tissue Engineering Application

Electrospinning is a significant manufacturing strategy to create micro/nanofiber platforms that can be considered a biomedical scaffold for tissue engineering repair and regeneration. In recent years researchers have continuously broadened the equipment design and materials development of electrospinning nanofiber platforms (ENPs), which have evolved from single-needle to multi-needle for creating 3D ENPs, to diversify their application including the drugs/cell/growth factors release, anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory, hemostasis, wound healing, and tissue repair and regeneration. Herein, multifunctional ENPs scaffold with bioactive polymer fabricated via electrospinning in terms of novel material design, construction of various structures, and various requirements in different tissue engineering regeneration are reviewed. Furthermore, this review delves into recent advancements in tissue repair facilitated by ENPs, highlighting their effectiveness and versatility across various tissue types such as bone, cartilage, tendons, cardiac tissue, and nerves. The discussion comprehensively addresses ongoing challenges in material selection, biodegradation mechanisms, bioactivation strategies, and manufacturing techniques specific to tissue repair applications. Moreover, the review outlines potential future research avenues aimed at enhancing ENPs-based approaches in tissue engineering. This in-depth analysis aims to provide nuanced insights and technical recommendations to propel the field of ENPs forward in tissue repair and regeneration.