[1] Heriot Watt Univ, Inst Infrastructure & Environm, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland
[2] Marmara Univ, Fac Engn, Dept Civil Engn, Istanbul, Turkiye
[3] UNIV BIRMINGHAM, DEPT CIVIL ENGN, BIRMINGHAM B15 2TT, England
[4] Univ Oxford, Dept Engn Sci, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PJ, England
[5] Dicle Univ, Fac Engn, Dept Civil Engn, Diyarbakir, Turkiye