Bronze Age Metallurgy—The Basis of a Flourishing Industrial Society in Upper Styria

被引：0

作者：

Preßlinger, Hubert ^{[1
]}

Eibner, Clemens ^{[2
]}

机构：

[1] Lehrstuhl für Eisen- und Stahlmetallurgie, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz-Josef-Straße 18, Leoben,8700, Austria

[2] Institut für Ur- und Frühgeschichte und Vorderasiatische Archäologie, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany

来源：

BHM Berg- und Huttenmannische Monatshefte | 2020年 / 165卷 / 09期

关键词：

The striking similarities in the dimensions and plant design of Bronze Age copper works discovered in the Eastern Alps lead one to the conclusion that copper production was organised on a supraregional pattern of construction engineering. This statement is borne out particularly by the fact that all operators of Bronze Age smelting plants must have possessed a uniformly high level of metallurgical knowledge and skills; which in turn presupposes solid and systematic training. In the Bronze Age; crude copper (black copper) was obtained from polymetallic ores in shaft furnaces. As the metallurgical analyses show; metallurgists in the Bronze Age were able to bring the process of crude copper production in the shaft furnace; which was used for more than a millennium; to technical perfection. Two different methods can be applied: top-to-bottom where the liquid copper sulphides will drip from the primary slag into the running slag; or bottom-to-top where they ascend from the reaction zone due to boiling (i.e. as SO2 and N2 rise up; copper sulphide droplets will be carried along) to be eventually reduced in the running slag. It can therefore be said that; in the Bronze Age; professional slag management was the key to successful smelting in the furnace. Any metallurgical activity of this extent means that division of labour must have prevailed among the Bronze Age population; as a first step towards a viable industrial society. © 2020; Austrian Society for Metallurgy of Metals (ASMET) and Bergmännischer Verband Österreich (BVÖ);

D O I：

10.1007/s00501-020-00951-w

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页码：428 / 435