Exploration of pyridine-thiazolidin-4-one: Synthesis, DFT study, UV–Vis/ fluorescence spectroscopy analysis, antibacterial evaluation and molecular docking

The synthesis of the objective pyridine-thiazolidin-4-one (DCPI-MBT) was involved via the Knoevenagel reaction between 2-((3,5-dichloropyridinyl)imino)thiazolidinone derivative 1 and 4-methylbenzaldehyde 2 over refluxing in acetic acid and sodium acetate. The confirmed structure of this hybrid was elucidated through detailed spectral analyses. A comparison was made between the density functional theory (DFT) configurations of the frontier molecular orbitals in both the gas and solvated ground state (So) and the solvated excited state (S1). UV–Visible and fluorescence spectra of the thiazolidin-4-one derivative were obtained in DMSO, displaying a significant Stokes’ shift (Δν¯= 3136.81 cm−1). The synthesized DCPI-MBT was established to see how well they killed different kinds of pathogenic microbes, such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. These results demonstrate that the synthesized DCPI-MBT has a broad-spectrum antibacterial capability that is on par with or even superior to conventional treatments in certain instances. Moreover, molecular docking simulation was used to evaluate the bindings of the synthesized DCPI-MBT with a target protein (PDB: 1kzn). The binding energies, RMSD values, kinds of interactions with amino acid residues, and interaction distances of the hybrids were determined based on their substituent changes. This study analyzed the pharmacokinetic profiles of newly DCPI-MBT, using SwissADME predictions to focus on their potential as therapeutic agents. The DCPI-MBT has the promising pharmacokinetic profile for future development as a therapeutic drug, with optimum solubility, bioavailability, and a favorable interaction profile with biological targets. © 2024