Towards an intelligent and automatic irrigation system based on internet of things with authentication feature in VANET

Agriculture is essential for global livelihoods and economic stability, making efficient water management crucial. The Internet of Things (IoT) has revolutionized smart farming, offering advanced solutions such as precision irrigation systems. This paper presents an intelligent and automatic irrigation system that integrates IoT with vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs), with a particular focus on authentication and key agreement features. The system employs an energy-aware fuzzy routing algorithm and a neural network to optimize irrigation strategies based on real-time sensor data, including temperature and soil moisture. Key agreement mechanisms within the VANET framework ensure secure and authenticated communication between devices, safeguarding the integrity and confidentiality of irrigation data and control commands. This integration allows users to manage and monitor the irrigation system through mobile devices such as smartphones and computers, providing real-time insights and control. The proposed system is designed to be cost-effective, portable, and adaptable to various agricultural environments, including farms and greenhouses. Simulation results demonstrate that our system not only enhances network lifetime and power efficiency but also offers superior security and key management compared to existing protocols like WSN-IoT and LEACH. This approach addresses critical challenges in both secure communication and efficient water management, presenting a significant advancement in smart irrigation technologies.