The paper at hand deals with methods and results of the measurement and analysis of torque at rotary drives with gear units on the basis of case studies. In the introduction the basics of torque measurements based on strain gauges on rotating shafts are presented. Apart from the necessary measurement technology analysis and monitoring methods like online rainflow analysis, event monitoring and long-term recording are discussed. In the main part of the lecture case study results from start-up and production measurements in plants of the rolling mill industry, cement industry, plastic extruding and conveying engineering are presented. The new results from the torque analyses are taken for the diagnosis of the following machine damages and inadmissible process conditions: Causes of overload and vibration breakdowns, resonance phenomena, unequal distribution of load and process influences. The lecture is concluded with a summary and an outlook.