Multiband antenna design with a defected ground structure for 5G and X-band applications

The rapid advancement of new generation wireless communication systems has led to an increased demand for multiband antennas, which are capable of functioning across multiple frequency bands. This paper presents the design of a multiband antenna with defective ground structure for 5G and X-Band applications. The proposed antenna has overall dimensions (0.352o x 0.352o x 0.0122o) with respect to the lowest resonant frequency and is designed with an FR-4 substrate material. The proposed design enables the antenna to achieve relatively high gains in six different frequency bands, 2.02 dBi, 3.1 dBi, 5.37 dBi, 2.99 dBi, 3.11 dBi, and 6.48 dBi at 2.33 GHz, 3.3 GHz, 5.03 GHz, 6.84 GHz, 8.12 GHz, and 9.75 GHz, respectively. The proposed antenna exhibited -10 dB impedance bandwidths of 4.72 % (2.29-2.365 GHz), 4.24 % (3.24-3.37 GHz), 3.38 % (4.97-5.15 GHz), 3.95 % (6.69-6.96 GHz), 3.94 % (7.98-8.29 GHz), and 6.67 % (9.45-10.08 GHz) across diverse frequency bands. The antenna structure was fabricated and measurement results were obtained. A satisfactory agreement was observed between the simulation and the corresponding measurement results. The detailed performance analysis of the proposed antenna, together with measured and simulated results, shows that it is suitable for 5G and X band applications.