Measures to increase efficiency and to reduce CO2 emissions in iron- and steelmaking in Germany and Europe

Numerous plant and process developments have led to the reduced consumption of raw materials and energy, increased yields and improved environmental protection in iron- and steel-producing plants. However, the extreme rise in demand for raw materials and changes in the deposits have created new challenges for plant operators regarding the flexibility and quality of raw materials. Both processes are followed by further process steps in order to manufacture the desired steel grades. Two- thirds of the steel produced in Germany is made via the blast furnace/converter route, and the remaining one-third is made via EAFs. Both routes for steel production are energy-intensive. Steel scrap is used in 42% of Germany's steel production. This demonstrates the sustainability of steel production shown, in particular, by the closed circulatory system of scrap steel recycling.