Mechanically synthesized TCP/OCP composite coatings on the plasma electrolytic oxidized cold-worked pure titanium for bio-implant use

The study investigated the surface characteristics and bone formation mechanisms of titanium (Ti) dental implants coated with tricalcium phosphate (TCP) and octacalcium phosphate (OCP) using a mechanically synthesized coating (MSC) method. Custom-manufactured TCP and OCP powders were applied to plasma electrolytic oxidized (PEO) Ti implant surfaces to enhance biocompatibility and bioactivity. A comprehensive surface characterization was conducted using various analytical techniques, including X-ray diffraction, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, wettability testing, atomic force microscopy, FESEM, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, corrosion testing, and biocompatibility assessment in simulated body fluid. The results revealed that the MSC process effectively filled the PEO layer pores, creating a uniform and compact surface. Notably, a composition of 75 % TCP and 25 % OCP significantly enhanced the surface properties, corrosion resistance (E corr of-193.1 mV, an i corr of 0.2 x 10(-7) A/cm(2), and Rp p of 7.8 x 10(9)Omega.cm(2)), and bioactivity of the coated CW-PTi substrate. This optimized ratio demonstrated promising potential for improving the performance and longevity of dental implants, as TCP and OCP play crucial roles in bone formation and influence the rate and process of ossification. The findings of this study contribute to the advancement of dental implant technology and may lead to improved clinical outcomes in implant dentistry.