Sulfide-based solid electrolyte and electrode membranes for all-solid-state lithium batteries

Sulfide-based all-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) have garnered significant attention from both academia and industry due to their potential to address the limited energy density and safety concerns of conventional Liion batteries (LIBs), while benefiting from the high ionic conductivity and ductility of sulfide solid electrolytes (SEs). Developing sulfide SE membranes and sulfide-containing composite electrode membranes is crucial for maximizing the use of existing LIB manufacturing equipment and technologies in ASSLB production. However, compared to the rapid advancements in sulfide-based prototype cells, progress in sulfide-based membranes and corresponding pouch cells has been relatively slow. This review aims to bridge that gap by summarizing the evolution of sulfide-based membranes as a valuable resource for researchers. We begin by discussing the development and properties of sulfide SEs. Then, we elaborate on the various strategies for preparing sulfidebased membranes, including solvent-assisted coating processes (focusing on solvent, binder, and skeleton/substrate selection), solvent-free dry processes (binder selection for fibrillation and hot-pressing, as well as the use of skeletons), and other fabrication methods. Finally, we analyze the chemical and physical requirements for sulfide-based membranes and the resulting pouch cells, and provide an outlook on the challenges and prospects for sulfide-based membranes and ASS pouch cells.