An Efficient Game Theory Based Multi-Objective Decision and Clustering (EGMDC) for Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs)

Recent studies have highlighted the importance of implementing clustering schemes in Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) to address challenges such as scalability, network topology changes, spectrum scarcity, and management. However, many existing approaches focus only on conventional performance metrics and overlook the integration of spectrum trading and efficient spectrum utilization. This paper proposes a novel clustering control scheme based on fuzzy logic and Nash equilibrium to enhance scalability, network stability, and resource management in WBANs. Our approach employs multi-criteria decision-making to optimize cluster head (CH) selection and routing strategies using reinforcement learning to achieve quality of service (QoS). Additionally, a secure lightweight Diffie-Hellman key exchange is used to protect data transmission. The proposed protocol outperforms existing protocols, including TAFLR, EQRSRL, and SEBA, in terms of throughput (3.2 kbps), packet delivery ratio (93%), delay (0.31 s), cluster efficiency (95%), and energy consumption (0.43 J).