White-Collar Crime in Construction: Analysis of Criminal Liability for Corruption Involving Corporations

This research examines Decision Number 3/Pid.Sus-TPK/2019/PN Bgl, which was decided on May 2, 2019. It is a first-level court decision and has permanent legal force regarding corporate crime involving corporate defendant PT Lian Suasa, which operates in the construction sector. The method applied is normative juridical with a statutory approach and a legal case study of Decision Number 3/Pid.Sus-TPK/2019/PN Bgl. This case is one of the most recent cases that highlights corrupt practices involving corporations-an area that is still rarely discussed in the Indonesian criminal legal system. Analysis of the legal case found that the judges' legal considerations were correct in deciding that the corporate defendant was proven guilty of criminal offenses of corruption and money laundering. The judges' legal considerations were in accordance with various theories of corporate criminal responsibility including identification theory, strict liability theory, vicarious liability theory, aggregation theory, and work culture model theory. On the other hand, while there has been legal reform in Indonesia by recognizing corporations as a subject of criminal law, penalties for criminal acts by corporations are still light. Therefore, this research encourages legal improvements related to punishment for corporate crime perpetrators to prevent future crimes effectively.