A review on recent advances on improving fuel economy and performance of a fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle

Fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles (FCHEVs) are gaining recognition as a pivotal innovation in the quest for sustainable transportation, seamlessly blending the advantages of fuel cells with electric vehicle technology. As global initiatives to curtail greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate climate change gain momentum, FCHEVs offer a promising alternative to conventional internal combustion engine vehicles and battery electric vehicles (BEVs). This review aims to examine recent technological progress in enhancing FCHEV fuel efficiency and performance, focusing particularly on cost reduction, long-distance operational capabilities, and the incorporation of intelligent autonomous systems. A key innovation highlighted in this study is the exploration of cost-effective hydrogen storage techniques, including metal hydrides and chemical storage solutions, which have demonstrated potential to significantly increase storage capacity and reduce refueling times. Furthermore, advancements in energy management, particularly the integration of ultracapacitors and high-capacity batteries, offer new avenues for extending vehicle range and boosting overall efficiency. The emergence of autonomous FCHEVs represents another major leap forward, setting the stage for more efficient, self-driving vehicles in the near future. However, persistent challenges remain, including reducing hydrogen production costs, improving fuel cell durability, and developing a widespread hydrogen infrastructure. Addressing these issues will require ongoing innovation in fuel cell materials, hydrogen storage systems, and energy management strategies. This review underscores the transformative role FCHEVs can play in reducing emissions and enhancing energy efficiency in the transport sector. Collaboration between industry, researchers, and policymakers will be vital to unlocking the full potential of FCHEVs in creating a more sustainable future.