Synergistic effect and mechanism of stabilization of Pickering emulsion by carboxymethyl starch and xanthan gum

Pickering emulsions were prepared using different proportions of carboxymethyl starch (CMS) and xanthan gum (XG) combined systems as emulsifying stabilizers (The mass ratios of CMS and XG were 10:0, 9:1, 7:1, 5:1, 3:1 and 1:1, respectively). The synergistic mechanism between CMS and XG was also explored. The results demonstrated that CMS particles were uniformly and densely embedded in the gel-like structure formed by XG, and the electrostatic repulsion between CMS and XG led to a reduction in droplet size (from 3370 nm to 482 nm), resulting in a more compact and orderly droplet distribution. Combined systems of CMS and XG at different proportions enhanced the hardness (3.05-8.36 g), adhesiveness (3.26-8.41 g), and chewiness (4.05-8.20 g) of the emulsion. AFM observed that the emulsion particles were finer and more evenly dispersed. After heat treatment at 25 degrees C, 60 degrees C and 80 degrees C, the emulsion showed no significant stratification phenomenon, and CMS/XG enhanced the heat stability of the emulsion. LF-NMR confirmed that the oil and water could be evenly distributed and the emulsification of the system was complete. Especially when the ratio of CMS and XG was 3:1 and 1:1, the emulsion with a stable and long storage period could be obtained.