Coupling geospatial suitability simulation and life cycle carbon emissions towards uncertain optimization planning for wind-photovoltaic-hydrogen multi-energy complementary system

Building clean and modern multi-energy complementary systems is a direct path to decarbonization in energy sector. The introduction of hydrogen energy with high operational flexibility enables the multi-energy complementary system to fully accommodate renewable energy. The key issues of the optimization planning of the wind-photovoltaic-hydrogen multi-energy complementary system that need to be solved are how to finely characterize the carbon reduction potential of the system, consider the uncertainty of supply and demand in the modeling process, and incorporate the energy supply business of electric vehicles into the planning. This study constructs optimization planning model with the following three progressive stages: geospatial suitability simulation based on geographic information system, uncertainty analysis based on probabilistic scene generation technology, and capacity configuration optimization. Unlike previous studies, this model measures and optimizes the carbon emissions level of the system from a lifecycle perspective. The empirical study results indicate that carbon emissions optimization from the perspective of the entire life cycle would directly affect the system configuration results. From a lifecycle perspective, the carbon emissions accounting result is about 9 times higher than that obtained only during the operation phase. Compared to the traditional distribution system, the carbon emissions of the system constructed in this study decreased by 82.75 %. In addition, considering that the system provides charging services for electric vehicles, which can reduce carbon emissions by about 93.6 % but only increase costs by about 29.4 %. The computational results justify the proposed optimization framework. This study provides optimization models for the system, and the implementation framework can support technical reference for practice.