Pricing blue carbon to promote the protection and restoration of the marine environment: A real option model

Pricing blue carbon will allow the monetization of the implicit carbon sequestration value of socioeconomic activities in marine ecosystems. This will empower those engaged in marine environment protection and restoration to reap economic benefits while imposing costs on those who harm the marine environment or carbon-emitting enterprises. This can significantly increase the enthusiasm of local governments, enterprises, and others for protecting and restoring the marine environment. However, owing to the characteristics of public goods and the externalities of blue carbon, it is difficult to price them through the supply and demand relationship of the traditional market. This paper focuses on how to price blue carbon under government policies and market uncertainties to encourage investors to engage in blue carbon projects involving the ecological protection and restoration of coastal wetlands. First, a universal blue carbon pricing model is established via the real option approach. The mangrove blue carbon project in Zhanjiang, Guangdong, was used as a case study to evaluate the price of mangrove blue carbon. This research provides technical support for the formation of blue carbon prices, and this method can be used not only to promote the protection and restoration of the marine environment but also to optimize the supply of blue carbon, fully leveraging its role in addressing climate change.