Experimental study of photovoltaic heat pump system based on modular phase change material

Traditional photovoltaic heat pump systems exhibit low photovoltaic conversion efficiency during periods of non-heat pump operation. Combining the evaporative end of photovoltaic heat pumps with phase-change materials offers a promising solution to this issue. However, conventional phase-change material setups frequently entail full coverage of the backsheet, adversely affecting heat collection efficiency under low irradiation conditions. To address this limitation, this study proposes a roll-bond photovoltaic thermal heat pump system that utilizes modular phase change materials to enhance power generation performance and heat collection efficiency, ensuring stable operation in adverse weather. System performance and operational characteristics are evaluated through the establishment of a test prototype and the collection of experimental data. Results demonstrate a 4.03% increase in power generation efficiency solely through the temperature control of the modular phase-change materials under sunny conditions. Furthermore, the activation of the heat pump leads to a 10.85% increase in power generation efficiency with an average coefficient of performance of 5.30. It maintains an average coefficient of performance of 4.25 even under rainy condition, with efficient heat exchange between the evaporator and air. The system achieves stable heat production and efficient power generation under experimental conditions, reducing dependence on heat/power grids. This system provides a promising solution for clean energy applications.