This article adopts the method of combining theoretical analysis with empirical research. First of all, by consulting relevant literature and materials, we can deeply understand the basic principles and technologies of computer vision and NN (Neural network), as well as the types and characteristics of elements of CAD (Computer-aided design) and environmental artistic design. Then, combined with the actual needs and analysis results, an automatic identification and extraction and a thorough analysis and discussion of the results have been conducted. A comparative evaluation of the experimental outcomes reveals that the method introduced in this study outperforms other approaches in terms of precision, recall, and F1 score, thereby underscoring its exceptional merit and efficacy. The findings corroborate the preeminent performance of the proposed method in the context of element identification and extraction within CAD environmental art design. This is anticipated to advance research progressions in pertinent fields and furnish robust backing for practical implementations. © 2024, U-turn Press LLC. All rights reserved.