Recent Developments in Immobilized Photocatalyst for Hydrogen Production

Solar-driven water splitting for hydrogen production has emerged as one of the most promising methods for addressing environmental and energy crises. The utilization of immobilized photocatalyst for hydrogen production has attracted significant attention in recent years due to its excellent stability, high photocatalytic efficiency, and ease of recovery and reuse. Hence, a comprehensive review of the development of immobilized photocatalyst appears exceedingly significant. Herein, we initially analyze the advantages of the immobilized photocatalytic system in aspects such as light absorption, photon utilization, and charge separation. Subsequently, we introduce various assembly techniques for immobilized photocatalyst and elaborate on some representative characteristics of this immobilized system. Furthermore, we cite the examples of the application of immobilized photocatalyst in large-scale hydrogen production to envision its future prospects. Finally, we discuss the remaining issues in this field and outline future directions of development and challenges therein. This review holds great promise for prompting the advancement of immobilized photocatalyst in the field of photocatalysis.