Time evolution of estrogen contamination in the Scheldt estuary

被引：0
作者：
Jia, Yu-Wei [1 ]
Jian, Xiao [1 ,2 ]
Guo, Wei [3 ]
Li, Guanlei [1 ]
Leermakers, Martine [1 ]
Elskens, Marc [1 ]
Baeyens, Willy [1 ]
Gao, Yue [1 ]
机构：
[1] Archaeology, Environmental Changes & Geo-Chemistry (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, Brussels
[2] Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467 Zhongshan Road, Shahekou District, Liaoning Province, Dalian
[3] Faculty of Architecture, Civil and Transportation Engineering, Beijing University of Technology (BJUT), Pingle Park 100, Chaoyang District, Beijing
来源：
Science of the Total Environment | 2024年 / 957卷
基金：
中国国家自然科学基金;
关键词：
Dissolved and particulate estrogen levels; Estrogen Receptor - Chemical Activated Luciferase Gene Expression bioassay; Mass load; Scheldt estuary; Time evolution of estrogenic activity;
D O I：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177432
中图分类号：
学科分类号：
摘要：
Estrogens are contaminants in the Scheldt estuary due to a dense population and intense industrial and anthropogenic activities, but their levels and evolution in this estuary are not well studied. Here we investigated estrogenic activity (EA) in the dissolved, particulate and sediment compartments of the estuary using the Estrogen Receptor (ER)-Chemical Activated Luciferase Gene Expression (CALUX) bioassay, in recent and historical samples. EA ranges between 7–168, 2.16–22.5 and 1.8–38.2 pg E2-equivalents g−1 in the dissolved, particulate and sediment phases of the Scheldt, respectively. The partitioning coefficient (Kd) between the particulate and dissolved phases is about 2000 L kg−1. EA levels in the estuarine sediments decreased during the last 40 years, but the strongest decrease, from 112 to 28 pg E2-equivalents g−1, is observed in the upper estuary. The mass loadings of dissolved and particulate estrogens discharged into the North Sea amount to 7.5 and 1.6 μg s−1, respectively. Future monitoring of the estrogen levels in various compartments of the Scheldt is necessary considering its strong environmental impact on living organisms and human beings. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.
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