Investigation of hydrodynamic characteristics of an oyster reef under regular waves

Oyster reef living shorelines are popular solutions to mitigate coastal hazards while providing ecosystem services, and their hydrodynamic characteristics deserve further examination. This paper reports an experimental and numerical study of the hydrodynamic behavior of a bagged oyster shell (BOS) reef under regular waves. The dependence of the pore pressure within the reef and the hydrodynamic coefficients on the reef height, length, porosity, and wave parameters are investigated. The results show that the normalized maximum pore pressure p(s_m)(& lowast;) decreases from the seaside of the BOS reef to its leeside and decreases with increasing dimensionless reef length. With increasing wave steepness, p(s_m)(& lowast;) fluctuates with an overall increasing trend. With increasing BOS reef porosity, p(s_m)(& lowast;) decreases at seaside locations and increases at leeside locations; simultaneously, the wave reflection coefficient K-r and the wave dissipation coefficient K-d decrease, and the wave transmission coefficient K-t increases. With increasing wave steepness for a given wave period, K-r and K(t )tend to increase, but K-d exhibits the opposite trend. As the dimensionless reef height and length increase, K-t decreases and K-d increases. Multivariate nonlinear regression and genetic programming-based symbolic regression methods are individually used to derive two formulas for predicting the wave transmission coefficient, with the formula from the latter method being found to give a higher prediction accuracy.