Optimal integration of efficient energy storage and renewable sources in hybrid energy systems: A novel optimization and dynamic evaluation strategy

This study examines a hybrid energy system for residential buildings that integrates energy storage systems with renewable energy sources to provide heating, cooling, and power. The analysis focuses on key factors such as energy storage capacity, renewable energy fraction, and types of energy storage, including latent energy storage, hydrogen storage, and battery storage. A multi-objective optimization approach is employed to simultaneously address energy, economic, and environmental objectives. Through simulation and assessment, the study explores the trade-offs and synergies among these objectives. A comprehensive techno-economic-environmental analysis evaluates aspects such as energy storage efficiency, annual electricity savings, payback periods, and ozone layer depletion potential. The results indicate that an optimal renewable energy fraction of 85.35 % can be achieved in warm climates, and 59.23 % in cold climates, leading to significant annual electricity savings of 1088.24 kWh and 731.37 kWh, respectively. The corresponding payback periods are 4.85 years in warm climates and 5.09 years in cold climates, with ozone layer depletion potentials of 0.18 kg CFC-11 eq and 0.21 kg CFC-11 eq, respectively. These findings underscore the superior performance of the optimized hybrid system, highlighting the critical role of efficient energy storage technologies and renewable energy integration in maximizing electricity savings in residential applications.