Optimization and uncertainty analysis of hybrid energy systems using Monte Carlo simulation integrated with genetic algorithm

This study investigates the optimization of hybrid energy systems (HES) composed of wind turbines, battery banks, and diesel generators, focusing on addressing the challenges posed by wind speed uncertainty. This research contributes significantly to the field by developing a novel methodology that combines uncertainty analysis with hybrid optimization techniques to improve the reliability and cost-effectiveness of HES. The findings revealed that initial simulations without renewable energy sources result in high diesel consumption, with fuel usage reaching 534,810 liters per year and associated carbon emissions totaling 797,070 kg/year. Through optimization, an economically viable configuration is identified, consisting of 37 battery banks, two 250 kW wind turbines, and a 340-kW diesel generator, achieving an Annualized System Cost (ASC) of $166,500 and a Cost of Energy (COE) of $0.1480/kWh. The Monte Carlo simulations indicate a most probable COE of $0.1450/kWh for the wind turbine/battery/diesel system, occurring with an 8.3 % probability, while approximately 90 % of COE values fall below $0.1669/kWh. The average COE is $0.14834/kWh, with a minimum of $0.12163/kWh. The Renewable Energy Fraction (REF) spans from 28 % to 97 %, with an average of 64 % and a standard deviation error of 9.6 % at a 95 % confidence level. The results underscore the potential implications for informing policymakers and industry leaders about the design and evaluation of HES under uncertain environmental conditions. By addressing the limitations of current approaches, this work contributes valuable insights into the economic, environmental, and social dimensions of hybrid renewable energy systems.