Experimental Study of Bifacial Photovoltaic Module Performance on a Sunny Day with Varying Backgrounds Using Exergy and Energy Analysis

In this research, ethe performance of bifacial photovoltaic (PV) modules under varying background conditions is explored, specifically green grass, brown clay, and white gravel, on a sunny day. By leveraging both exergy and energy analysis, this research aims to provide a comprehensive evaluation of bifacial module efficiency compared to traditional monofacial modules. The experimental setup simulates diverse installation environments, including rooftops and ground-mounted systems, by varying background reflectance. Key performance metrics such as energy yield, exergy yield, and overall efficiency were measured. The findings reveal that bifacial modules installed over white gravel backgrounds achieve the highest exergy profile and efficiency during peak solar radiation periods, attributed to the enhanced reflectivity of white gravel. These insights can inform strategic decisions regarding the selection and placement of bifacial modules to optimize energy and exergy outputs in real-world scenarios. This study contributes valuable knowledge to the advancement of renewable energy technologies, offering guidance for researchers, developers, and policymakers focused on sustainable energy solutions.