Multiparameter Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG)-Based Sensor Fabricated Using 3-D Printing Technology for Precise Measurement of Vertical Earth and Pore Pressure

This study proposes an innovative approach for fabricating a multiparameter sensor based on fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) using 3-D printing technology. In this sensor design, three FBGs were used: one for vertical earth pressure measurement, FBG E; one for pore pressure measurement, FBG P; and the other for temperature compensation, FBG T. The results demonstrate the sensor's effectiveness in measuring vertical earth and pore pressure, achieving 43.1550 pm/psi sensitivities and 0.9841 pm/psi, respectively. Furthermore, FBG E and FBG P also exhibited high linearity values of 99.5% and 99.1%, respectively, demonstrating their ability to provide accurate measurements. Conducted measurements also showed FBG T's effectiveness in giving temperature compensation for FBG E and FBG P during pressure measurements. In addition, the study highlighted the suitability of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) material for sensor design and prototyping due to its capability to withstand high temperatures and pressures, making it ideal for various applications in harsh environments.